Mashapaug Pond is one the last surviving kettle ponds that once dotted the Providence area after the glaciers retreated. As a source of fresh water, the Pond was used by generations of Indigenous people for the past 10,000 years. There were nine principal villages throughout the Nanhigganeuck (Narragansett) Chiefdom, and Mashapaug was one of those villages. The Capital of the Chiefdom would be whichever village the Grand Sachem chose to call home. Mashapaug was a part of the reason why the original boundaries were given to Roger Williams. Once the Pokanoket escorted him across the river Roger and his friends began to have issues with the villages that were nearby; specifically Neutoconkanut, Pawtuxet, and Mashapaug. Miantinomi sent Williams and crew back across the river into Pokanoket territory (Moshassuck) and then told them their boundaries were from 1) the falls outside of Pawtuxet, to 2) the great hill at Neutoconkanut, to 3) the great oak outside of the Towne of Mashapaug. “Mashapaug Pond has suffered from a long history of pollution. During Providence’s industrial heyday in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, people were largely unaware of the consequences of releasing industrial chemicals and other pollutants into the soil and water. At Mashapaug Pond, the Gorham Manufacturing Company – a major employer – was also responsible for a significant amount of pollution.” [From“Mashapaug Pond is Sick”: Polluting the Ecosystem by Frannie Brittingham at RhodeTour] The entire West Elmwood neighborhood was razed in the 1960s to create the Huntington Expressway Industrial Park removing an area of housing that was home to many Mashapaug Nahaganset Tribe members whose seal is pictured at the left. Click here for more.